Floating columns are columns that are not fixed at the base, but rather are designed to have some lateral movement. This can be useful in structures that are subjected to earthquakes, as the columns can move slightly to absorb some of the energy of the shaking.
In ETABS, you can design a floating column by doing the following:
In the Define > Columns menu, select the option to "Add/Modify Columns."
In the Column Definition dialog, select the column that you want to make floating.
In the Column Definition dialog, go to the "Stiffness" tab.
Under the "Base Fixity" section, select "Free in all directions" for the lateral fixity. This will allow the column to have lateral movement.
Under the "Base Restraints" section, you can specify any additional restraints that you want to apply to the column. For example, you might want to fix the column in the vertical direction but allow it to move horizontally.
Click "OK" to apply the changes and close the Column Definition dialog.
That's it! You have now designed a floating column in ETABS. Remember to consider the effect of the floating column on the overall stability of the structure, as it may introduce additional lateral forces that need to be taken into account
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